ArticleBiomolecules2024
Glial Response and Neuronal Modulation Induced by Epidural Electrode Implant in the Pilocarpine Mouse Model of Epilepsy.
Article in Biomolecules, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simplified method for EEG recordings in mice.MethodsX · 2026Article
- A tool for high-throughput quantification of sleep-wake transitions in data from noninvasive piezoelectric cage systems.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Zuranolone mitigates delirium-like bispectral EEG changes, behavioral deficits, and neuroinflammation across surgical and inflammatory mouse models and age groups.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A minimally invasive EEG recording method in mice using thin needle electrodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The influence of trait anxiety on performance in the CatWalk test.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Disulfiram Prevents Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epileptic Mice by Inhibiting Astrocyte Pyroptosis to Improve Seizure Activity.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- FGF10 ameliorates epileptic seizures and related cognitive dysfunction via the FGFR2/CALB1 signaling pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Functional ultrasound assessment of cerebral blood flow and brain connectivity in a pilocarpine-induced acute epileptic seizures in mice.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In animal models of epilepsy, cranial surgery is often required to implant electrodes for electroencephalography (EEG) recording. However, electrode implants can lead to the activation of glial cells and interfere with physiological neuronal activity. In this study, we evaluated the impact of epidural electrode implants in the pilocarpine mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain neuroinflammation was assessed 1 and 3 weeks after surgery by cytokines quantification, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Moreover, we investigated the effect of pilocarpine, administered two weeks after surgery, on mice mortality rate. The reported results indicate that implanted mice suffer from neuroinflammation, characterized by an early release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation, and subsequent astrogliosis, which persists after three weeks. Notably, mice subjected to electrode implants displayed a higher mortality rate following pilocarpine injection 2 weeks after the surgery. Moreover, the analysis of EEGs recorded from implanted mice revealed a high number of single spikes, indicating a possible increased susceptibility to seizures. In conclusion, epidural electrode implant in mice promotes neuroinflammation that could lower the seizure thresholds to pilocarpine and increase the death rate. An improved protocol considering the persistent neuroinflammation induced by electrode implants will address refinement and reduction, two of the 3Rs principles for the ethical use of animals in scientific research.
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