ArticleBiomedicines2024
Inhibition of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activation in Parkinson's Disease Using 1-Piperidin Propionic Acid.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mast Cell-Microglia Crosstalk Drives Aberrant Synaptic Pruning Through PAR-2/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- 1-Piperidine Propionic Acid Inhibits PAR2/SerpinB3 Signaling and Reduces Glioblastoma Tumor Aggressiveness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inhibition of the SerpinB3/protease-activated receptor 2 axis reduces liver cancer development and affects lipid metabolism.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and inflammaging in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of PAR2 in MASLD Progression and HCC Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation is a double-edged sword; when inflammation occurs it can have harmful effects, despite its important role in battling infections and healing tissue. Once triggered by microglia, astrocytes acquire a reactive state and shift from supporting the survival of neurons to causing their destruction. Activated microglia and Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) are key points in the regulation of neuroinflammation. 1-Piperidin Propionic Acid (1-PPA) has been recently described as a novel inhibitor of PAR2. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of 1-PPA in neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Parkinson's disease. Protein aggregates and PAR2 expression were analyzed using Thioflavin S assay and immunofluorescence in cultured human fibroblasts from Parkinson's patients, treated or untreated with 1-PPA. A significant decrease in amyloid aggregates was observed after 1-PPA treatment in all patients. A parallel decrease in PAR2 expression, which was higher in sporadic Parkinson's patients, was also observed both at the transcriptional and protein level. In addition, in mouse LPS-activated microglia, the inflammatory profile was significantly downregulated after 1-PPA treatment, with a remarkable decrease in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, together with a decreased expression of PAR2. In conclusion, 1-PPA determines the reduction in neuroglia inflammation and amyloid aggregates formation, suggesting that the pharmacological inhibition of PAR2 could be proposed as a novel strategy to control neuroinflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.