ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Liver Phantoms Cast in 3D-Printed Mold for Image-Guided Procedures.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 3D printing technology in hepatobiliary surgery education: a systematic review.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of reversed screen orientation versus standard orientation in bedside ultrasound on vascular access skill acquisition: a cadaver study.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Development and validation of 3D-printed anatomically accurate liver model for endoscopic ultrasound-based endo-hepatology training (with video).Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Multi-Parametric Optimization of 3D-Printed Components.Polymers · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImage-guided invasive procedures on the liver require a steep learning curve to acquire the necessary skills. The best and safest way to achieve these skills is through hands-on courses that include simulations and phantoms of different complications, without any risks for patients. There are many liver phantoms on the market made of various materials; however, there are few multimodal liver phantoms, and only two are cast in a 3D-printed mold.
methodsWe created a virtual liver and 3D-printed mold by segmenting a CT scan. The InVesalius and Autodesk Fusion 360 software packages were used for segmentation and 3D modeling. Using this modular mold, we cast and tested silicone- and gelatin-based liver phantoms with tumor and vascular formations inside. We tested the gelatin liver phantoms for several procedures, including ultrasound diagnosis, elastography, fibroscan, ultrasound-guided biopsy, ultrasound-guided drainage, ultrasound-guided radio-frequency ablation, CT scan diagnosis, CT-ultrasound fusion, CT-guided biopsy, and MRI diagnosis. The phantoms were also used in hands-on ultrasound courses at four international congresses.
resultsWe evaluated the feedback of 33 doctors regarding their experiences in using and learning on liver phantoms to validate our model for training in ultrasound procedures.
conclusionsWe validated our liver phantom solution, demonstrating its positive impact on the education of young doctors who can safely learn new procedures thus improving the outcomes of patients with different liver pathologies.
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