ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2024
Receipt of Gender-Affirming Surgeries Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Veterans.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Non-Binary People's Sexuality, Sexual Health, and Relationship Satisfaction: A Review of 12 Years of Quantitative Research (2012-2024).Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGender-affirming surgery (GAS) can be an important part of comprehensive care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, but this care is not provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) because of an exclusion in the medical benefits package.
objectiveTo describe the receipt of GAS by veterans and assess the associations between key sociodemographic characteristics and receipt of chest ("top") and genital ("bottom") surgeries.
designCross-sectional national survey (the GendeR Affirming Care Evaluation (GRACE)), among TGD Veterans conducted between September 2022 and July 2023.
participantsA total of 6653 Veterans (54% response rate) completed the survey. MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported "top" and "bottom" GAS were key outcomes. Covariates included gender identity, sex assigned at birth, age, race, ethnicity, income, employment status, education, relationship status, sexual orientation, and geographic region. KEY
resultsAmong all respondents, 39% had ≥ 1 GAS. Among the 4430 veterans interested in top surgery, 38% received it; 23% of 3911 veterans interested in bottom surgery had received it. In multivariable models, older age (50 + vs. 18-39) was associated with higher receipt of top and bottom surgery while nonbinary gender identity (vs. binary gender identity), lower household income (< $50,000 vs. > $75,000), less education (less than a college graduate vs. Master's degree or more), sexual orientations other than heterosexual, and residing in a region other than the Pacific were associated with lower receipt of top and bottom surgery. Individuals assigned male (vs. assigned female) at birth had lower receipt of top surgery and higher receipt of bottom surgery.
conclusionsGAS receipt was low and there were important disparities by gender, sex, income, education, sexual orientation, and region. By removing the exclusion to providing GAS, VA could reduce barriers to accessing GAS and decrease disparities among TGD veterans.
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Registered trials
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