ArticleJournal of neurology2024
Architecture and anatomy of executive processes: evidence from verbal fluency and Trail Making Test in 2009 stroke patients.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identification of Brain Regions and Networks Critical to Poststroke Cognitive Impairment Through Lesion-symptom and Lesion Network Analyses.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- The evolution of phonemic verbal fluency test: bridging tradition with contemporary insights.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Verbal Fluency Impairment in Stroke: Insights From "Strategic Indices" Derived From a Study of 337 Patients.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Investigating the cognitive architecture of verbal fluency: evidence from an interference design on 487 controls.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Loss of empathy in stroke.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe few voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) studies aimed at identifying the anatomy of executive function are limited by the absence of a model and by small populations. Using Trail Making Test (TMT) and verbal fluency and a model of their architectures, our objective was to identify the key structures underlying two major executive processes, set-shifting and strategic word search.
methodsWe applied a validated VLSM analysis to harmonized cognitive and imaging data from 2009 ischemic stroke patients as a part of the Meta VCI Map consortium. All contrast analyses used an adjusted threshold with 2000 Freedman-Lane permutations (p ≤ 0.05).
resultsThe TMT parts A and B were associated with structures involved in visual-spatial processing, the motor system, the frontal lobes, and their subcortical connections. Set-shifting depended on the left dorsomedial frontal region. Both semantic and phonemic fluency tests depended on verbal output abilities and processing speed with similar slopes in different languages. The strategic search process depended on Broca's area, F2 and related tracts, temporal and deep regions. Lastly, the lesion map of set-shifting did not overlap with those of strategic word search processes.
interpretationOur results identify the anatomical substrates of two main executive processes, revealing that they represent only a specific subpart of previously reported structures. Finally, our results indicate that executive functions depend on several specific, anatomically separable executive processes mainly operating in various parts of the frontal lobes.
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Registered trials
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