Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39060297›Full record

ArticleNPJ science of learning2024

Gender Inequality is negatively associated with academic achievement for both boys and girls.

Li Zhang, Baolige Chao, Yan Gao, Wenjing Wang, Yingzi Yuan, Chuangsheng Chen, Ziqiang Xin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ science of learning, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Li ZhangSchool of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, 100081, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-245X
Baolige ChaoSchool of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, 100081, Beijing, China.
Yan GaoSchool of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, 100081, Beijing, China.
Wenjing WangSchool of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, 100081, Beijing, China.
Yingzi YuanSchool of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China.
Chuangsheng ChenDepartment of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA.
Ziqiang XinDepartment of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China. xinziqiang@sohu.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2322

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 31470996National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 31871120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To examine the role of inequality in academic achievement, we analyse a cross-national dataset including data from three cycles from 2012 to 2018 from the PISA, an international assessment of 15-year-old students' math, reading, and science performance. The Gini coefficient and gender inequality index (GII) were used as metrics for a country's economic inequality and gender inequality, respectively. The results show that gender inequality has a negative association with academic achievement for both boys and girls. Moreover, gender inequality has a stronger association with academic achievement than does economic inequality. We also find that gender inequality in reproductive health may contribute substantially to the association between gender inequality and academic achievement. Despite substantial advances in gender equality worldwide, multisectoral and multilevel approaches from the community to the country level are needed to ensure substantial long-term reductions in economic, gender, and educational inequalities.

Identifiers

PMID39060297
PMCPMC11282183

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.