ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2024
U.S. State rates of newborns reported to child protection at birth for prenatal substance exposure.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in opioid-, alcohol-, and drug-related mortality among US children aged 0-4 years: an analysis of the CDC WONDER Database trends, 1999-2023.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Prenatal substance exposure and 5-year child protection outcomes among infants not reported at birth.PloS one · 2026Article
- Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Dysregulation Following Prenatal Substance Exposure.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- A Policy Scan on Plans of Safe Care for Infants With Prenatal Substance Exposure.Hospital pediatrics · 2025Article
- When Mothers and Fathers Are 'Gone': Predicting Intergenerational Cycles of Risk in Opioid-Involved Parents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure and Multilevel Predictors of Child Protection System Reporting.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Who Should Respond to Substance-Exposed Infants? Reflections on U.S. Policies Limiting the Role of Child Protective Services.Child protection and practice · 2025Article
- Connecticut's Novel Prenatal Substance Exposure Policy Is Associated With Declining CPS Reports And Foster Placements.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Physical abuse of young children reported by medical professionals in the United States 2014-2023.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the U.S., the opioid epidemic has revitalized national attention to newborns with prenatal substance exposure (PSE). These newborns and their caregivers have specific health and treatment needs and frequently interact with multiple systems, including child protection systems (CPS).
methodsThis study calculated rates of newborns (less than 15 days old) reported to CPS per 1,000 births due to PSE by state and year using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). Given the lack of a clear definition of PSE reports in the data, we calculated rates using three different definitions. To examine the relationship between different state laws regarding the mandated reporting of PSE and PSE reports rates, we used panel data analysis.
resultsRates of newborn reports more than doubled between 2011 and 2019. There was extensive state variability of rates including some states that were consistently more than 100 % greater than and others consistently more than 150 % less than the annual national mean. Reporting rates were not associated with state requirements to report PSE, but were positively associated with rates of diagnosed neonatal abstinence syndrome.
conclusionState-level inconsistencies in identification, reporting, and CPS responses prevent a clear understanding of the scope of the affected population and service needs.
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