ReviewToxics2024
Food Safety and Health Concerns of Synthetic Food Colors: An Update.
Review in Toxics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural Pigments and Cyclodextrins: Overview on a Synergistic Approach to Encapsulation.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Development of a crocetin-glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular composite pigment for enhancing meat color and reducing contaminant formation during heat processin.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Non-Thermal Plasma-Enabled Valorization of Sotol Bagasse for Microbial Carotenoid Production.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Removal of Erythrosine B Dye Using Chemically Modified Chitosan Beads: A Comparative Evaluation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Miracle Berry on Taste Modification Properties Among Adults Living in Australia: A Multi-Phase Study Protocol.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Electric-field-induced self-assembly of chlorophyll enables extraction and stabilization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Metal-Ion Coordination Self-Assembled Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for 4‑Nitrophenol Reduction and Food Colorants Degradation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Catalytic reduction/degradation of methyl orange by metal nanoparticle containing systems: a critical review.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Enhanced Stability of Extracted Sour Cherry Anthocyanins Copigmented With Tannic Acid and Encapsulated by Spray Drying.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Solvent polarity effect on photophysical properties of some aromatic azo dyes with focus on tautomeric and toxicity competition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extraction and Analysis of Natural Color From Beetroot (Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Microencapsulation of Essential Oils and Oleoresins: Applications in Food Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- New Green Biorefinery Strategies to Valorize Bioactive Fractions fromMarine drugs · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The toxicity of food additives is widely studied and concerns many consumers worldwide. Synthetic food colors are often considered an unnecessary risk to consumer health. Since the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) re-evaluation between 2009 and 2014, the body of scientific literature on food colors has grown, and new evaluations are being published by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Therefore, this narrative review aims to review the toxicological data that have become available since 2014. The reviewed colors are Quinoline Yellow, Sunset Yellow, Azorubine, Amaranth, Ponceau 4R, Erythrosine, Allura Red, Patent Blue, Indigo Carmine, Brilliant Blue FCF, Green S, Brilliant Black, Brown HT, and Lithol Rubine BK. Tartrazine was not included in this paper; the overwhelming amount of recent data on Tartrazine toxicity requires more space than this review can provide. The issues regarding the toxicity of synthetic food colors and real population exposures are being regularly examined and reviewed by relevant authorities, such as the EFSA and JECFA. The current ADI limits set by the authorities are mostly in agreement, and they seem safe. However, the EFSA and JECFA assessments of some of the colors are more than a decade old, and new evidence will soon be required.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.