ArticleDentistry journal2024
Insights into the Cytotoxicity and Irritant Potential of Chlorhexidine Digluconate: An In Vitro and In Ovo Safety Screening.
Article in Dentistry journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiofilm Activity of a Thermoformable Material Loaded With Essential Oil Solution.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- Tailoring Drug Release Profiles From Electrospun Alginate Fibers Through Integration of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Comparison of the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of mouthwashes containing different active ingredients on human gingival fibroblasts and their antimicrobial efficacy.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Dual-Action Sutures: Chlorhexidine and Dexamethasone for Infection Control and Inflammation Suppression.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An Oxygen-Releasing Mouthwash Reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm and Suppresses fimA and hagA Expression.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Proliferative Effect of Proanthocyanidins on HGF-1 and HPDLF Cells: An In Vitro Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Cellulose Hydrogels Derived from Pineapple Bagasse for Potential Dental Applications: Chlorhexidine-Loaded Hydrogels with Antibacterial and Cytocompatible Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic and Herbal Endodontic Irrigants on Human Red Blood Cells: An In Vitro Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Betulinic Acid-Loaded Oleogel as a Novel Pharmaceutical Formulation for Potential Cutaneous Applications: Development, Characterization, and Biosafety Profile.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rapid Bactericidal Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of the biosafety profile ofWorld journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- Development of Solid Nanosystem for Delivery of Chlorhexidine with Increased Antimicrobial Activity and Decreased Cytotoxicity: Characterization and In Vitro and In Ovo Toxicological Screening.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quercetin Enhances 5-Fluorouracil-Driven Cytotoxicity Dose-Dependently in A375 Human Melanoma Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay: A Novel Experimental Model in Dental Research.Cureus · 2024Review
- Comparative Histopathological Evaluation of Gingival Tissue Reactions to Chlorhexidine-Coated and Uncoated Silk Sutures in Male Rats : Comparative Tissue Reactions to Chlorhexidine-Coated and Uncoated Silk Sutures.Galen medical journal · 2024Article
- Inhibition of biofilm formation and preformed biofilm inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) represents one of the most commonly used antiseptics in dentistry and other medical-pharmaceutical fields due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, the potential toxic events arising from its common use in practice has become a subject of increasing concern. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the potential toxicity of CHX digluconate at concentrations covering its antibacterial properties (0.0002-0.2%) in HGF primary gingival fibroblasts, HaCaT immortalized human keratinocytes, and JB6 Cl 41-5a epidermal cells, as well as its irritant action in ovo. Our results indicate that CHX exerted a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in all cell lines, which was evidenced by the reduction in cell viability, number, and confluence, damaged cell membrane integrity, impaired cell morphology, and specific apoptotic nuclear shape. The highest cytotoxicity was caused by CHX digluconate 0.02% and 0.2%, concentrations, at which an irritant effect on the chorioallantoic membrane was also observed. The novel findings revealed in this research contribute to the overall safety profile of CHX and stand as a basis for further investigations in this regard.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.