ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-21 correlates with the reactive oxygen species and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Investigating the Inflammatory Link Between Vitamin D and Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Causal Inference Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-21 correlates with the reactive oxygen species and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and its characteristics include the immune system's invasion of the healthy lining of the joints and the articular structures degeneration. The IL-21 pro-inflammatory cytokine, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) might have a role in the RA etiopathogenesis. The present study assessed the correlation of IL-21 with vitamin 25(OH)D and the ROS.
methodsThe study included 120 RA patients and 60 healthy group. The RA patients were categorized based on rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity or seronegativity and the RA severity. Chemiluminescent immunoassay and 10% hematocrit were used to check levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and ROS, respectively. ELISA was used for the detection of IL-21 in the plasma.
resultsThe RA patients had a significantly reduced vitamin 25(OH)D level compared to the healthy controls. The IL-21 and ROS were however significantly increased in the RA patients compared to the controls. Further, the seropositive RF and the high RA severity patients had significant IL-21 and ROS increase in comparison with the seronegative RF and the low severity RA patients. Finally, IL-21 negatively correlated with vitamin 25(OH)D, but positively correlated with the ROS.
conclusionThis is the first investigation to confirm the relationship between IL-21 with vitamin 25(OH)D and the ROS among the RA patients. The findings indicate that vitamin 25(OH)D is reduced in the RA patients' serum. ROS and IL-21 are also associated with increased RA severity.
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