ArticleClinical kidney journal2024
Effects of ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy and long COVID on kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir on post-COVID diabetes risk among an older adult cohort: a target trial emulation study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Tubular Damage Biomarkers Are a Useful Tool for Identifying Early Renal Injury in Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The risk of kidney disease increases following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to influenza.Communications medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 susceptibility, particularly via ACE-2 receptor upregulation in the kidneys, raises concerns about potential kidney disease risks in long coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. This study explores the association of ACEI/ARB therapy on acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all-cause mortality in patients with and without long COVID. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using TriNetX datasets was conducted, with diagnoses of long COVID via Results: Our study included 18 168 long COVID and 181 680 propensity score-matched non-long COVID patients from October 2021 to October 2023. ACEI/ARB use did not significantly affect the risk of AKI or CKD when comparing LCAUs with LCANs and NLCAUs with NLCANs. However, a protective effect against all-cause mortality was observed {aHR 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.93]} in the NLCAU group compared with the NLCAN group. Conversely, long COVID was associated with increased risks of CKD [aHR 1.49 (95% CI 1.03-2.14)] and all-cause mortality [aHR 1.49 (95% CI 1.00-2.23)] when comparing LCANs with NLCANs. The additional analyses support the primary findings. Conclusions: ACEI/ARB treatment does not increase the incidence of CKD or AKI, regardless of long COVID status. However, long COVID itself is associated with increasing risks of kidney diseases and all-cause mortality.
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