ArticleiScience2024
Late in the US pandemic, multi-dose BCG vaccines protect against COVID-19 and infectious diseases.
Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial.The Journal of infection · 2024Trial
- Review
- Pathogens as commensals: microbial priming of the immune system and heterologous protection.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Long-term immune changes after COVID-19 and the effect of BCG vaccination and latent infections on disease severity.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- BCG vaccination: historical role, modern applications, and future perspectives in tuberculosis and beyond.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine has many off-target benefits, including protection from diverse infectious diseases. As SARS-CoV-2 evolved, COVID-19 disease became more transmissible and less lethal. In this Phase III double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted late in the pandemic, we tested at-risk US adults with type 1 diabetes if multi-dose BCG protected against COVID-19 and other infectious disease, co-primary outcomes. From April 2021 to November 2022, Tokyo-strain BCG vaccines provided significant protection against COVID-19 disease (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.