ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2024
Factors that influence the angular error in active knee angle reproduction tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Knee angle reproduction tests: influences of body orientation, movement direction and limb dominance.International journal of sports medicine · 2025Trial
- The Effects of External Lower Limb Weight or Pressure Application on Human Knee Joint Proprioception in Resting and Fatigue Conditions: A Randomized Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Factors that influence the angular error in active knee angle reproduction tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The systematic review and meta-analysis investigated subject-independent test factors that influence the absolute angle error in active knee angle reproduction tests. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published before 20 December 2023. Studies were included that were published in either English or German and that investigated joint proprioception in the healthy knee. Included studies were also required to have participants 18-60 years old and free of lower-limb injury, neurological disorders and diseases affecting joint position sense. Risk of bias was assessed using a Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Of the 2023 articles identified, 26 studies (1082 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant pooled standard mean difference in the absolute angular error for body orientation, direction of movement and fatigue. Active knee angle reproduction tests were found to have a lower absolute angular error when performed in the sitting position compared to the prone position (SMD = -0.56; 95% CI = -1.00 to -0.12). The absolute angular error was found to be greater in cases of knee flexion compared to knee extension (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.18-1.24). General and local muscle fatigue were found to result in a higher absolute angular error (SMD = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.04-1.75). Conclusion: Hence, fatigue, body orientation and direction of movement influence the extent of the absolute angular error in active knee angle reproduction tests. Practitioners should be aware that the test conditions and the patient's level of fatigue can affect the results of such tests and that directly comparing results obtained using different test protocols may not be appropriate. The test protocol should be well documented and applied consistently in the clinical setting. Level of Evidence: Level III, systematic review with meta-analysis.
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