Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39054568›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024

School-based racial segregation, social support, and late-life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).

Sirena Gutierrez, Rachel A Whitmer, Yenee Soh, Rachel Peterson, Kristen M George, Yi Lor, Lisa L Barnes, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Isabel E Allen, Jacqueline M Torres and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sirena GutierrezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9201-698X
Rachel A WhitmerAlzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Yenee SohDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.
Rachel PetersonSchool of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Kristen M GeorgeDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Medical Sciences 1-C, Davis, California, USA.
Yi LorDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Medical Sciences 1-C, Davis, California, USA.
Lisa L BarnesRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Elizabeth Rose MayedaDepartment of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Isabel E AllenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jacqueline M TorresDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
M Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Paola GilsanzDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG072972 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI OANH L MEYER · 2021 to 2026
$25.2M
Study of Healthy Aging in African AmericansR01AG050782 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Paola Gilsanz, Rachel A Whitmer · 2023 to 2026
$19.1M
Early Vascular Contributions to Dementia Risk in African-AmericansRF1AG050782 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI WHITMER, RACHEL A · 2017 to 2017
$3.8M
Contributions of educational quality and occupational complexity on racial and ethnic inequities in brain health and Alzheimer's disease and related dementiaR01AG066132 · NIA · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GILSANZ, PAOLA · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Lifecourse Community Contexts and Health Behaviors as Drivers of Disparities in Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasR00AG073457 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA · PI PETERSON, RACHEL LYNNE · 2022 to 2024
$724k
Racial Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Role of School Segregation and Experiences of DiscriminationF31AG081071 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GUTIERREZ, SIRENA CELESTE · 2023 to 2024
$81k
NIA NIH HHS F31 AG081071NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072972NIA NIH HHS R00 AG073457NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050782NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066132NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG050782
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSchool-based social support for Black students may mediate or modify the association between school segregation and late-life cognition.

methodsStudy of Healthy Aging in African Americans participants (n = 574) reported segregated school attendance and school-based social support. Associations of segregated schooling with domain-specific cognitive outcomes and effect modification or mediation by school-based social support were evaluated with linear mixed models.

resultsSegregated school attendance was associated with increased likelihood of school-based social support. Segregated (vs. desegregated in 6th grade) school attendance was associated with lower executive function (β = -0.18 [-0.34, -0.02]) and semantic memory z-scores (β = -0.31 [-0.48, -0.13]). Social support did not mediate these associations. Estimates for segregated school attendance were attenuated among those who felt supported, although there was limited evidence of statistically significant effect modification. DISCUSSION: Early-childhood school segregation was associated with poorer cognitive function. Sources of resilience within racialized educational experiences should be further evaluated to bridge inequities. HIGHLIGHTS: School segregation is a form of structural racism that affected the educational experiences of Black youth with potentially lasting consequences for healthy brain aging. Black students who attended a segregated school experienced greater school-based social support, which may highlight a potential source of resilience and resistance against the effects of racism-related stressors on cognitive function. The estimated adverse association between attending a segregated school on cognition was larger for students without an adult at school who cared about them versus those with an adult at school who cared about them, but estimates were imprecise.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCognitionHealthy AgingSchoolsSocial SupportAgedExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsSocial SegregationBlackcognitioncognitive declineepidemiologyexecutive functionschool segregationsemantic memorysocial support

Identifiers

PMID39054568
PMCPMC11497676

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.