Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39054178›Full record

ArticleInternational dental journal2025

Erosion Effects of OTC Paediatric Oral Liquids and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Primary Teeth.

Dan Zhao, Jianzhi Chen, Gloria H M Wong, James K H Tsoi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International dental journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dan ZhaoDental Materials Science, Discipline of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Hangzhou Xiacheng Dental Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China.
Jianzhi ChenThe Department of Stomatology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Gloria H M WongDiscipline of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
James K H TsoiDental Materials Science, Discipline of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. Electronic address: jkhtsoi@hku.hk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study compared the in vitro erosive effects of 2 western and 2 Chinese medicinal over-the-counter paediatric medications on primary teeth in a continuous time scale.

methodsTwenty enamel blocks obtained from 10 deciduous incisors were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 4 each): Group GA and Group GB-paracetamol liquid (Jean-Marie Pharmacal Co. Ltd and Universal Pharmaceutical Laboratories Ltd, respectively); Group GC and Group GD-reconstituted Chinese medicinal granules (Huarun 999 and Guizhou Bailing Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, respectively); and deionised water (control group). The pH levels of these liquids were assessed. The immersion process was repeated for 20 rounds. For each round, each sample was immersed in liquid for 15 seconds and then rinsed with deionised water for 15 seconds. Mean hardness ratio (MHR) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 rounds was evaluated using Vickers microhardness test. The initial and final surface morphology and chemistries were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

resultsAll 4 liquid medications have shown acidic pH (4.74-5.76). After 20 rounds of immersion, the MHR

conclusionsThis study concluded that the pH of liquid medication may not be a significant factor that contributes to enamel softening. Traditional Chinese granule medications may be a safer option for primary teeth.

Indexed as

AcetaminophenDrugs, Chinese HerbalMedicine, Chinese TraditionalNonprescription DrugsTooth, DeciduousTooth ErosionDental EnamelHardnessHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIn Vitro TechniquesMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningSpectrometry, X-Ray EmissionAcetaminophenDrugs, Chinese HerbalNonprescription DrugsChinese Medicineenamelerosionoral liquidsOTCprimary teeth

Identifiers

PMID39054178
PMCPMC11976470

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.