ArticleBMJ open2024
Development and validation of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (GAC-PAQ) in 14 countries: study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Whole-body biomechanical and lifestyle predictors of pediatric musculoskeletal pain: a multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adolescent health: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Parental/Guardian-Child Physical Activity in Relation to Racial/Ethnic Inequities in the Americas: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Content validation of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (GAC-PAQ) in low-, middle-, and high-income countries across 6 continents.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Article
- Sex comparison of the association between weight-adjusted waist index and physical fitness index: a cross-sectional survey of adolescents in Xinjiang, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the selective control assessment of the lower extremity in children with spastic cerebral palsy.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
34 authors.
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Abstract
introductionGlobal surveillance of physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with questionnaires is limited by the use of instruments developed in high-income countries (HICs) lacking sociocultural adaptation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); under-representation of some PA domains; and omission of active play, an important source of PA. Addressing these limitations would help improve international comparisons, and facilitate the cross-fertilisation of ideas to promote PA. We aim to develop and assess the reliability and validity of the app-based Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (GAC-PAQ) among 8-17 years old in 14 LMICs and HICs representing all continents; and generate the 'first available data' on active play in most participating countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our study involves eight stages: (1) systematic review of psychometric properties of existing PA questionnaires for children and adolescents; (2) development of the GAC-PAQ (first version); (3) content validity assessment with global experts; (4) cognitive interviews with children/adolescents and parents in all 14 countries; (5) development of a revised GAC-PAQ; (6) development and adaptation of the questionnaire app (application); (7) pilot-test of the app-based GAC-PAQ; and, (8) main study with a stratified, sex-balanced and urban/rural-balanced sample of 500 children/adolescents and one of their parents/guardians per country. Participants will complete the GAC-PAQ twice to assess 1-week test-retest reliability and wear an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for 9 days to test concurrent validity. To assess convergent validity, subsamples (50 adolescents/country) will simultaneously complete the PA module from existing international surveys. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Approvals from research ethics boards and relevant organisations will be obtained in all participating countries. We anticipate that the GAC-PAQ will facilitate global surveillance of PA in children/adolescents. Our project includes a robust knowledge translation strategy sensitive to social determinants of health to inform inclusive surveillance and PA interventions globally.
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