ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2024
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intakes of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Nationally Representative Samples of Adults in Canada: An Analysis of Trends between 2004 and 2015.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation and prioritization of food environment policies in Türkiye using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Phosphorus Intake and Cancer Risk: A Theoretical-Conceptual Model and Hypothesis for Population-Study Replication.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Alignment with front-of-package labeling policy and risk of hospitalization: evidence from Canadian National Nutrition Survey linked to routinely collected health administrative databases.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Identifying Inadequate Maternal Nutrition in Pregnancies Affected by Fetal Heart Defects: A Feasibility Pilot Study Using Photo-Based Diet Quality Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- The contribution of moderation foods to total energy intake by sociodemographic characteristics in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017 - 2020.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP) often have higher intakes of ultraprocessed food (UPF) and lower intakes of minimally processed food (MPF); however, studies have not examined trends in absolute and relative gaps and gradients in UPF and MPF intake using multiple indicators of SEP.
objectivesWe examined within-year absolute and relative gaps and gradients in UPF and MPF intake and trends between 2004 and 2015 according to 6 indicators of SEP among nationally representative samples of adults in Canada.
methodsAdults (≥18 y) in the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2004 (n = 20,880) or 2015 (n = 13,970) reported SEP (individual and household education, household income adequacy, household food insecurity, neighborhood material and social deprivation) and completed a 24-h dietary recall. Multivariable linear regression assessed within-year absolute and relative gaps and gradients in the proportion of energy from UPF and MPF and trends between 2004 and 2015.
resultsThe largest and most consistent within-year inequities in UPF and MPF intake were for individual and household educational attainment. Overall and among males, higher SEP groups had more favorable intakes over time based on trends in absolute and relative gaps and gradients in UPF and MPF intake by household food insecurity [for example, the absolute gap in UPF intake declined from -1.2% (95% confidence interval: -5.3%, 2.9%) to -7.9% of energy (95% confidence interval: -11.2%, -4.5%) in the overall population]. Overall and among males, lower SEP groups had more favorable intakes over time based on trends in absolute and relative gaps in UPF and MPF intake by neighborhood material deprivation.
conclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities in UPF and MPF intake were most pronounced for individual and household education. Between 2004 and 2015, several inequalities in UPF and MPF intake emerged according to household food insecurity (favoring higher SEP groups) and neighborhood material deprivation (favoring lower SEP groups).
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