Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as Mediators of Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Against Symptomatic Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B/Victoria Virus Infections.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A prospective, randomized, parallel, active controlled, phase III Indian study of immunogenicity and safety of two inactivated influenza vaccines - Vaxiflu-4 and Fluarix tetra in children aged 6 months to 35 months.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Influenza Vaccination Responses in Disabled Stroke Patients: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- A monoclonal antibody-based, time-resolved fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic testing strip for rapid and sensitive detection of H7 avian influenza viruses.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Designs for Vaccine Studies.Annual review of statistics and its application · 2025Article
- Antibody responses against influenza A decline with successive years of annual influenza vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HAI) titer contributes only a part of vaccine-induced protection against influenza virus infections. Using causal mediation analysis, we quantified the proportion of vaccine efficacy mediated by postvaccination HAI titers.
methodsWe conducted causal mediation analyses using data from a randomized, active-comparator controlled, phase III, trial of an inactivated, split-virion seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children conducted from October 2010 to December 2011 in 8 countries. Vaccine efficacy was estimated using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model. Estimates were decomposed into the direct and indirect effects mediated by postvaccination HAI titers.
resultsThe proportions of vaccine efficacy mediated by postvaccination HAI titers were estimated to be 22% (95% confidence interval, 18%--47%) for influenza A(H1N1), 20% (16%-39%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 37% (26%-85%) for influenza B/Victoria.
conclusionsHAI titers partially mediate influenza vaccine efficacy against influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B/Victoria. Our estimates were lower than in previous studies, possibly reflecting expected heterogeneity in antigenic similarity between vaccine and circulating viruses across seasons.
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