ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
High-Resolution Geospatial Mapping of Zero-Dose and Underimmunized Children Following Nigeria's 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey/National Immunization Coverage Survey.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Using Immunization Data Systems to Track Zero-Dose Children in Bangladesh: Mixed Methods Exploratory Study.Online journal of public health informatics · 2026Article
- Geospatial variations in the prevalence of children missing out of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination in Nigeria: estimates from multiple household surveys.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The influence of women's empowerment on childhood vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a spatio-temporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enhancing the use of routine program data for immunization decision-making: The role of coincidence analysis in localized learning and adaptation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Profiling zero-dose measles-rubella children in Zambia: Insights from the 2024 post-campaign coverage survey.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Childhood vision impairment and blindness in West Africa: public health measures and implications for systemic health.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Level of knowledge, and risk perception of mpox disease among primary healthcare workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study of Jigawa, Oyo and Lagos States.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background"Zero-dose" children are those who are without any routine vaccination or are lacking the first dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis-containing vaccine. Based on global estimates from the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund in 2022, Nigeria has the highest number of zero-dose children, with >2.3 million unvaccinated.
methodsWe used data from the 2021 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey/National Immunization Coverage Survey to identify zero-dose and underimmunized children. Geospatial modeling techniques were employed to determine the prevalence of zero-dose children and predict risk areas with underimmunized children at a high resolution (1 × 1 km).
resultsZero-dose and underimmunized children are more prevalent in socially deprived groups. Univariate and multivariate bayesian analyses showed positive correlations between the prevalence of zero-dose and underimmunized children and factors such as stunting, contraceptive prevalence, and literacy. The prevalence of zero-dose and underimmunized children varies significantly by region and ethnicity, with higher rates observed in the country's northern parts. Significant heterogeneity in the distribution of undervaccinated children was observed.
conclusionsNigeria needs to enhance its immunization system and coverage. Geospatial modeling can help deliver vaccines effectively to underserved communities. By adopting this approach, countries can ensure equitable vaccine access and contribute to global vaccination objectives.
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