ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2025
Contribution of testosterone and estradiol in sexual dimorphism of early-onset Parkinson's disease.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging insight in genetics and therapies in young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD): a comprehensive review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Opicapone in Parkinson's disease: a real-world, multicenter, retrospective study to identify patient characteristics for sustained treatment benefit.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Do Hormonal Fluctuations in Healthy Women Influence the Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold?Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Following Parkinson's Disease: Uncharted Territory.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Uncovering Potential Biomarkers and Constructing a Prediction Model Associated with Iron Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) occurs during the fertile life, when circulating neuroactive sex hormones might enhance the sexual dimorphism of the disease. Here, we aimed to examine how sex hormones can contribute to sex differences in EOPD patients. A cohort of 34 EOPD patients, 20 males and 14 females, underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation of motor and non-motor disturbances. Blood levels of estradiol, total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured in all patients and correlated to clinical features. We found that female patients exhibited greater non-motor symptoms and a relatively higher rate of dystonia than males. In females, lower estradiol levels accounted for higher MDS-UPDRS-II and III scores and more frequent motor complications, while lower testosterone levels were associated with a major occurrence of dystonia. In male patients, no significant correlations emerged. In conclusion, this study highlighted the relevance of sex hormone levels in the sexual dimorphism and unique phenotype of EOPD.
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