ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Dynamic Changes in the Distribution of Hydrocodone and Oxycodone in Florida from 2006 to 2021.
Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacoepidemiology of Oxycodone in the USA: An Observational Study of ARCOS, Medicaid, and Medicare Drug Databases.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Observational
- The evolving epidemiology of opioid use disorder: polysubstance use, drug supply transformation, and policy implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Translating Rigorous Science Into Effective Policy: Bridging the Gap.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFlorida, which led the country in terms of its number of opioid-prescribing physicians, was unique during the height of the opioid epidemic because of its lax prescribing laws and high number of unregulated pain clinics. Here, we address differences in the distribution rates of oxycodone and hydrocodone across Florida counties during the peak years of the opioid epidemic using an under-utilized database.
methodsThe Washington Post and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration's Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) databases provided longitudinal oxycodone and hydrocodone distribution data in grams per county (2006-2014) and state (2006-2021). Grams of oxycodone and hydrocodone were converted into morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).
resultsThere was a steep increase in oxycodone from 2006 to 2010, with a subsequent decline. In 2010, the average MME per person across Florida was 729.4, a 120.6% increase from 2006. The three counties with the highest MMEs per person in 2010 were Hillsborough (2271.3), Hernando (1915.3), and Broward (1726.9), and they were significantly (
conclusionsThe data demonstrated pronounced differences in opioid distribution, particularly oxycodone, between Florida counties during the height of the opioid epidemic. Legislative action taken between 2009 and 2011 aligns with the considerable decline in opioid distribution after 2010.
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