ArticleAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Adverse Events of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Analysis of the FDA Adverse Events Database.
Article in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like Disease Complicated by Inflammatory Macular Neovascularisation: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Technical review of artificial intelligence in TCR-T therapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Microbial engraftment and immune regulation during fecal microbiota transplantation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Nature communications · 2026Review
- One Face, Three Solutions: Structural Convergence in PD-L1 Inhibition across Antibodies, Macrocycles, and Small Molecules.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Characterizing the post-market safety profile of cemiplimab: a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse events reporting system database.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- Targeting T-Cells for Cancer Treatment: Current Clinical Strategies and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Restoring Zinc Homeostasis via a Bimetallic Nanozyme to Amplify Ferroptosis and Antitumor Immunity for Prostate Cancer Treatment.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes and Safety of PD-1 Blockade Rechallenge Strategies After Prior Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neurological immune-related adverse events with checkpoint inhibitor therapy: challenges for the neurologist.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Collagenous colitis in patients treated for cancer: role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical, histological and immunological features in 15 cases.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Interstitial lung disease induced by Toripalimab combined with disitamab Vedotin in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Preparation and property evaluation of oral colon targeted protein delivery system with sodium alginate and chitosan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced dyshidrotic eczema following tremelimumab therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of adverse drug reactions in 507 cases of Tislelizumab: A real-world retrospective study based on data from Guangxi, China.PloS one · 2025Article
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- The impact of immune-related adverse events on the outcome of advanced gastric cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the 25 most prevalent adverse events (AEs) associated with FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-specifically, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 inhibitors-using data from the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS), a publicly available repository of reported drug adverse events, and AERSMine, an open-access pharmacovigilance tool, to investigate these adverse events. For PD-1 inhibitors, the most common AEs were diarrhea, fatigue, and pyrexia, with notable instances of neutropenia and hypothyroidism, particularly with toripalimab and dostarlimab. PD-L1 inhibitors also frequently caused pyrexia, diarrhea, and fatigue, with interstitial lung disease and hypothyroidism showing a class effect, and drug-specific AEs such as hepatotoxicity and chills. CTLA-4 inhibitors predominantly resulted in diarrhea and colitis, with ipilimumab frequently causing pyrexia and rash, while tremelimumab exhibited unique AEs such as biliary tract infection. The LAG-3 inhibitor relatlimab reported fewer AEs, including pyrexia and pneumonia. Rare but significant AEs across all inhibitors included myocarditis and myasthenia gravis. This study provides a detailed overview of the 25 most common AEs associated with ICIs, offering valuable insights for clinical decision-making and AE management. Further research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these AEs and to develop targeted interventions to enhance the safety and efficacy of ICI therapy in patients with cancer.
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