ArticleFrontiers in medicine2024
Exploring the causal relationship between body mass index and keratoconus: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity and Eye Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Obesity and Keratoconus: A Mediation Study Based on the Chinese Keratoconus Cohort.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Body Mass Index is Associated With Direction-Specific Increases in With-the-Rule Corneal and Refractive Astigmatism in Schoolchildren.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Genetic susceptibility and clinical validation of ICAM-5 in immune-mediated non-infectious uveitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Link Between Obesity and Keratoconus Risk Based on Genetic Evidence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic predictors of acute corneal hydrops in patients with unstable keratoconus.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring New Links Among Keratoconus, Hormonal Factors, and Medications: Insights From a Case-Control Study Utilizing the All of Us Database.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite reports suggesting a link between obesity and keratoconus, the causal relationship is not fully understood. Methods: We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from public databases for a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal link between body mass index (BMI) and keratoconus. The primary method was inverse variance weighted (IVW), complemented by different analytical techniques and sensitivity analyses to ensure result robustness. A meta-analysis was also performed to bolster the findings' reliability. Results: Our study identified a significant causal relationship between BMI and keratoconus. Out of 20 Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses conducted, 9 showed heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Among the 11 analyses that met all three MR assumptions, 4 demonstrated a significant causal difference between BMI and keratoconus, while the remaining 7 showed a positive trend but were not statistically significant. Meta-analysis confirmed a significant causal relationship between BMI and keratoconus. Conclusion: There is a significant causal relationship between BMI and keratoconus, suggesting that obesity may be a risk factor for keratoconus.
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Registered trials
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