ArticleYonsei medical journal2024
One-Year Results of Ear Reconstruction with 3D Printed Implants.
Article in Yonsei medical journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cellularized Thermoformed Scaffolds with Human Septal Chondrocytes Support In Vivo Cartilage Maturation for Auricular Reconstruction.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting: Materials, Processes, and Emerging Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Bioinspired and smart material systems for auricular cartilage engineering: toward microenvironment-responsive and self-regulating scaffolds.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Auricular cartilage tissue engineering: from making cartilage to regenerating a shape-stable elastic organ.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Innovative Approaches in Microtia Treatment: Advancements in Tissue Engineering and Scaffold Design.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Review
- The Promise and Challenges of Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering.Micromachines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeExternal ear reconstruction has been a challenging subject for plastic surgeons for decades. Popular methods using autologous costal cartilage or polyethylene still have their drawbacks. With the advance of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique, bioscaffold engineering using synthetic polymer draws attention as an alternative. This is a clinical trial of ear reconstruction using 3D printed scaffold, presented with clinical results after 1 year. MATERIALS AND
methodsFrom 2021 to 2022, five adult patients with unilateral microtia underwent two-staged total ear reconstruction using 3D printed implants. For each patient, a patient-specific 3D printed scaffold was designed and produced with polycaprolactone (PCL) based on computed tomography images, using fused deposition modeling. Computed tomography scan was obtained preoperatively, within 2 weeks following the surgery and after 1 year, to compare the volume of the normal side and the reconstructed ear. At 1-year visit, clinical photo was taken for scoring by two surgeons and patients themselves.
resultsAll five patients had completely healed reconstructed ear at 1-year follow-up. On average, the volume of reconstructed ear was 161.54% of that of the normal side ear. In a range of 0 to 10, objective assessors gave scores 3 to 6, whereas patients gave scores 8 to 10.
conclusionExternal ear reconstruction using 3D printed PCL implant showed durable, safe results reflected by excellent volume restoration and patient satisfaction at 1 year postoperatively. Further clinical follow-up with more cases and refinement of scaffold with advancing bioprinting technique is anticipated. The study's plan and results have been registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS No. 3-2019-0306) and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS No. 1182).
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