ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in the human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Resting-state EEG activity in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Pooled it
- Pro-inflammatory markers interact with spontaneous theta oscillations to predict depression among adolescents.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- The Correlation Between Apathy and the Efficacy of Rehabilitation in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Observational
- A cortico-subthalamic circuit rapidly engages and releases inhibition of specific movements depending on the environmental context.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Cortico-basal ganglia dynamics of global and selective response inhibition in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Circuit-based neuromodulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of prior and emerging methods.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neural mechanisms of food preference and reward processing: a review of multifaceted influencing factors and intervention strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- 20 Hz tACS engages striatal THINs to enhance β-band synchrony and motor drive.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms of uncertain decision-making in anxious adolescents: an EEG study based on the balloon analogue risk task.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The potential of event-related beta oscillations as biomarkers for neuromodulatory treatment efficacy.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Differential effects of external noise and situational interest on neurophysiological responses during video based learning.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Impaired reward sensitivity in Parkinson's depression is unresponsive to dopamine treatment.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Precisely-timed outpatient recordings of subcortical local field potentials from wireless streaming-capable deep-brain stimulators: a method and toolbox.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Article
- TMS-EEG evidence links random exploration to inhibitory mechanisms in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological Markers of Reward Processing Can Inform Preclinical Neurorehabilitation Approaches for Cognitive Impairments Following Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Day-to-day fluctuations in motivation drive effort-based decision-making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Motivation and Decision-making.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Dopamine and deep brain stimulation accelerate the neural dynamics of volitional action in Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cortico-striatal beta oscillations as a reward-related signal.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
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Abstract
Choosing whether to exert effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and effort in humans is poorly understood. Here, we report an exploratory investigation into this with chronic intracranial recordings from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG; subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus) in people with Parkinson's disease performing a decision-making task with offers that varied in levels of reward and physical effort required. This revealed dissociable neural signatures of reward and effort, with BG beta (12 to 20 Hz) oscillations tracking effort on a single-trial basis and PFC theta (4 to 7 Hz) signaling previous trial reward, with no effects of net subjective value. Stimulation of PFC increased overall acceptance of offers and sensitivity to reward while decreasing the impact of effort on choices. This work uncovers oscillatory mechanisms that guide fundamental decisions to exert effort for reward across BG and PFC, supports a causal role of PFC for such choices, and seeds hypotheses for future studies.
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