Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39043732›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

A droplet robotic system enabled by electret-induced polarization on droplet.

Ruotong Zhang, Chengzhi Zhang, Xiaoxue Fan, Christina C K Au Yeung, Huiyanchen Li, Haisong Lin, Ho Cheung Shum

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Bio-Based Wax Interfaces for Droplet Energy Harvesting at Fluoropolymer-Like Output Levels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Soft Micromanipulation Robot for Real-Time Adaptive Multimodal Operation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ruotong ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-7769
Chengzhi ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Xiaoxue FanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Christina C K Au YeungDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Huiyanchen LiAdvanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Haisong LinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. linhs@hku.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-6385
Ho Cheung ShumDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. ashum@hku.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-8825

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Robotics for scientific research are evolving from grasping macro-scale solid materials to directly actuating micro-scale liquid samples. However, current liquid actuation mechanisms often restrict operable liquid types or compromise the activity of biochemical samples by introducing interfering mediums. Here, we propose a robotic liquid handling system enabled by a novel droplet actuation mechanism, termed electret-induced polarization on droplet (EPD). EPD enables all-liquid actuation in principle and experimentally exhibits generality for actuating various inorganic/organic liquids with relative permittivity ranging from 2.25 to 84.2 and volume from 500 nL to 1 mL. Moreover, EPD is capable of actuating various biochemical samples without compromising their activities, including various body fluids, living cells, and proteins. A robotic system is also coupled with the EPD mechanism to enable full automation. EPD's high adaptability with liquid types and biochemical samples thus promotes the automation of liquid-based scientific experiments across multiple disciplines.

Identifiers

PMID39043732
PMCPMC11266649

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.