ArticleNature communications2024
Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metagenomic polymorphic toxin effector and immunity profiling predicts microbiome development and disease-related dysbiosis.mSystems · 2026Article
- Development and performance evaluation of a recombinant antigen - based ELISA and immunochromatography test for HCMV IgG detection.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical and biological features of CMV reactivation in ARDS: a prospective cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Targeted next-generation sequencing for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia pathogen detection: a single-center study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and associated factors of cholestasis in infant's ≤3 months with cytomegalovirus infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Assembly of the infant gut microbiome and resistome are linked to bacterial strains in mother's milk.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Relevance of Milk Composition to Human Longitudinal Growth from Infancy Through Puberty: Facts and Controversies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Gut-X axis.iMeta · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus that is often transmitted to the neonate via breast milk. Postnatal CMV transmission can have negative health consequences for preterm and immunocompromised infants, but any effects on healthy term infants are thought to be benign. Furthermore, the impact of CMV on the composition of the hundreds of bioactive factors in human milk has not been tested. Here, we utilize a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding full-term mother-infant pairs to test for differences in the milk transcriptome and metabolome associated with CMV, and the impact of CMV in breast milk on the infant gut microbiome and infant growth. We find upregulation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) tryptophan-to-kynurenine metabolic pathway in CMV+ milk samples, and that CMV+ milk is associated with decreased Bifidobacterium in the infant gut. Our data indicate two opposing CMV-associated effects on infant growth; with kynurenine positively correlated, and CMV viral load negatively correlated, with infant weight-for-length at 1 month of age. These results suggest CMV transmission, CMV-related changes in milk composition, or both may be modulators of full-term infant development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.