ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
The potential immunological mechanisms of sepsis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- EBV reactivation and immunoparalysis indicate a harmful immune endotype in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- The clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- mRNA nanotherapeutics for sepsis: immune modulation strategies and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Citrullinated histone H3 and procalcitonin in the diagnosis and predicting the outcome of septic shock.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Bench-to-Bedside Insights into the Challenges of Immunosuppression in Sepsis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- C-reactive Protein-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) Index in Patients With Sepsis: An Observational Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Construction and validation of a nomogram based on clinical indicators for 28-day composite poor prognosis prediction in severe sepsis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association of glucose-lymphocyte ratio and short-term mortality in patients with sepsis complicated by ARDS during the acute phase: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Sepsis biomarkers: recent advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in sepsis: mechanisms, clinical endotypes, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression: redefining sepsis therapy using modern approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics deciphers sepsis immune dysregulation: a dual-pathway targeted small-molecule therapy improves survival and ameliorates multi-organ dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Aerobic and Facultative Bacterial Spectrum and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Pediatric Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Local Surveillance Study.International journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in infants with severe infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between innate immune signaling pathways and integrated TLR, NLRP3 inflammasome, cGAS-STING, and NF-κB networks in sepsis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil immunometabolism in ACLF and sepsis: mechanisms, dysfunction, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bile acid dysregulation in sepsis: mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis is described as a life-threatening organ dysfunction and a heterogeneous syndrome that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care settings. Severe sepsis could incite an uncontrollable surge of inflammatory cytokines, and the host immune system's immunosuppression could respond to counter excessive inflammatory responses, characterized by the accumulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, impaired function of immune cells, over-proliferation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, depletion of immune effector cells by different means of death, etc. In this review, we delve into the underlying pathological mechanisms of sepsis, emphasizing both the hyperinflammatory phase and the associated immunosuppression. We offer an in-depth exploration of the critical mechanisms underlying sepsis, spanning from individual immune cells to a holistic organ perspective, and further down to the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we outline the strengths of artificial intelligence in analyzing extensive datasets pertaining to septic patients, showcasing how classifiers trained on various clinical data sources can identify distinct sepsis phenotypes and thus to guide personalized therapy strategies for the management of sepsis. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent, reliable biomarkers for hyperinflammatory and immunosuppressive states, facilitating more precise and expedited diagnosis of sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.