ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Vaccinome Landscape in Nearly 620 000 Patients With Diabetes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influenza vaccination associates with reduced risk of incident ischemic stroke among older adults with diabetes: A population-based retrospective cohort study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- From Knowledge to Action: Enhancing Herpes Zoster Vaccine Uptake in Diabetic Patients Through Targeted Interventions.Vaccines · 2026Article
- GLIMSI: A real-world, multicenter study assessing the effectiveness and safety of Sitagliptin + Glimepiride + Metformin FDC in Indian patients with Type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2026 · on this mapObservational
- Transcending risk factors: the implications of redefining diabetes as an immunometabolic disease for infectious disease studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextType 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with an elevated incidence of infectious diseases and a higher risk of infections-related hospitalization and death.
objectiveIn this study, we delineated the "vaccinome" landscape obtained with a large immunization schedule offered by the Regional Government of Lombardy in a cohort of 618 396 patients with diabetes (T1D and T2D).
methodsBetween September 2021 and September 2022, immunization coverage for influenza, meningococcus, pneumococcus, and herpes zoster was obtained from the public computerized registry of the health care system of Lombardy Region (Italy) in 618 396 patients with diabetes and in 9 534 087 subjects without diabetes. Type of diabetes, age, mortality, and hospitalizations were retrospectively analyzed in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.
resultsAmong patients with diabetes (T1D and T2D), 44.6% received the influenza vaccine, 10.9% the pneumococcal vaccine, 2.5% the antimeningococcus vaccine, and 0.7% the antizoster vaccine. Patients with diabetes immunized for influenza, zoster, and meningococcus showed a 2-fold overall reduction in mortality risk and a decrease in hospitalizations. A 3-fold lower risk of mortality and a decrease in hospitalizations for both cardiac and pulmonary causes were also observed after influenza, zoster, and meningococcus immunization in older patients with diabetes.
conclusionImmunization coverage is still far from the recommended targets in patients with diabetes. Despite this, influenza vaccination protected nearly 3800 per 100 000 patients with diabetes from risk of death. The overall impressive decrease in mortality and hospitalizations observed in vaccinated patients strengthens the need for scaling up the "vaccinome" landscape in patients with diabetes.
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