ArticleJAMA network open2024
Maternal Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy and Childhood Strabismus in Offspring.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of strabismus, nystagmus and risk factors in children and adolescents born preterm with and without retinopathy of prematurity: results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Study Young.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Refractive Errors, Amblyopia Risk, and Prenatal Factors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Endometrial thickness is not a risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after IVF treatment in women with male-factor infertility.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Maternal diabetes mellitus during pregnancy as a risk factor for strabismus and refractive errors in the offspring-A large-scale national study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Localized and sustained release of Botulinum Toxin A from supramolecular peptide hydrogel for strabismus treatment.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of maternal hypertensive disorder: 1990-2021 analysis and future projections.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders from 1990 to 2021: A Population-Based Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
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27 authors.
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Abstract
Importance: Maternal hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) might affect ocular health in offspring; however, its association with strabismus remains unclear. Objective: To examine the association of maternal HDP with overall and type-specific strabismus in offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Jiangsu Birth Cohort study, a population-based study in China, pregnant women were recruited from April 24, 2014, to November 30, 2018. A total of 6195 offspring had maternal HDP diagnosis information, of whom 3078 were excluded due to having no information on ocular alignment or due to having ocular diseases other than strabismus or refractive error. Offspring underwent ocular examinations at 3 years of age, completed May 21, 2022. Data were analyzed from May 28, 2022, through December 15, 2023. Exposure: Maternal HDP, categorized into hypertension and preeclampsia or with blood pressure (BP) well controlled (systolic BP, <130; diastolic BP, <80 mm Hg) and poorly controlled (systolic BP, ≥130; diastolic BP, ≥80 mm Hg). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of strabismus in offspring. Poisson generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the association between maternal HDP and strabismus. Results: Among the included 3117 children (mean [SD] age, 36.30 [0.74] months; 1629 boys [52.3%]), 143 (4.6%) were exposed to maternal HDP and 368 (11.8%) had strabismus. Offspring exposed to maternal HDP had an 82% increased risk of overall strabismus (relative risk [RR], 1.82 [95% CI, 1.21-2.74]), an 82% increased risk of exophoria (RR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.11-3.00]), and a 136% increased risk of intermittent exotropia (RR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.13-4.93]) compared with unexposed offspring. When considering the type of maternal HDP, the risk for all strabismus was high for offspring exposed to preeclampsia (RR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.39-4.09]) compared with unexposed offspring. When considering the BP control level of maternal HDP, the risk for all strabismus was high for offspring born to mothers with HDP and poorly controlled BP (RR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.32-3.24]) compared with unexposed offspring. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that maternal HDP is associated with an increased risk of offspring strabismus. Early screening of strabismus might be recommended for offspring with maternal HDP. Further exploration of the underlying mechanism of the association between HDP and strabismus is warranted.
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