ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2024
Avian influenza overview March-June 2024.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple introductions and spread of novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses via wild birds, South Korea, 2024-2025.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Experimental Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Alpacas, 2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antibody Recognition of Highly and Low-Pathogenic A/H5Nx Influenza Viruses in Sera of Mexican Donors.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Germany as a key transit hub for the emergence and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortants in Europe.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Subclade 2.3.4.4b Isolated from a European Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Is Highly Virulent in Ferrets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Mammalian adaptation and zoonotic risk of influenza A viruses in companion animals.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Review
- Attachment Patterns of Avian Influenza H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Respiratory Tracts of Marine Mammals, North Atlantic Ocean.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in dairy cattle: implications for public health, animal health, and pandemic preparedness.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Risk posed by the HPAI virus H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13, currently circulating in the US.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- No indication of highly pathogenic avian influenza infections in Dutch cows.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Prediction models show differences in highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan and South Korea compared to Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Influenza A virus in dairy cattle: infection biology and potential mammary gland-targeted vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- WaveSeekerNet: accurate prediction of influenza A virus subtypes and host source using attention-based deep learning.GigaScience · 2025Article
- Avian influenza overview September-December 2024.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Preparedness, prevention and control related to zoonotic avian influenza.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Between 16 March and 14 June 2024, 42 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (15) and wild (27) birds across 13 countries in Europe. Although the overall number of detections in Europe has not been this low since the 2019-2020 epidemiological year, HPAI viruses continue to circulate at a very low level. Most detections in poultry were due to indirect contact with wild birds, but there was also secondary spread. Outside Europe, the HPAI situation intensified particularly in the USA, where a new A(H5N1) virus genotype (B3.13) has been identified in >130 dairy herds in 12 states. Infection in cattle appears to be centred on the udder, with milk from infected animals showing high viral loads and representing a new vehicle of transmission. Apart from cattle, HPAI viruses were identified in two other mammal species (alpaca and walrus) for the first time. Between 13 March and 20 June 2024, 14 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from Vietnam (one A(H5N1), one A(H9N2)), Australia (with travel history to India, one A(H5N1)), USA (three A(H5N1)), China (two A(H5N6), three A(H9N2), one A(H10N3)), India (one A(H9N2)), and Mexico (one fatal A(H5N2) case). The latter case was the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with avian influenza virus subtype A(H5N2). Most of the human cases had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no human-to-human transmission has been observed. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.
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