Current Procedural Terminology Code Selection, Attitudes, and Practices of the Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Case Log: A Survey of Residents and Program Directors.

Introduction: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Resident Case Log is one of the primary tools used to track surgical experience. Owing to the self-reported nature of case logging, there is uncertainty in the consistency and accuracy of case logging. The aims of this study are two-fold: to assess current resident case log Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code selection and practices across orthopaedic surgery residencies and to understand current attitudes of both program directors (PD) and residents surrounding case logging. Methods: Residents and PDs from 18 residency programs received standardized, consensus-built surveys distributed through the Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group. Resident surveys additionally contained clinical orthopaedic subspecialties vignettes on sports, trauma, and spine. Each subspecialty section contained 4 clinical vignettes with stepwise increases in complexity/CPT coding procedures. Results: One hundred sixteen residents (response rate: 28.4%) and 16 PDs (response rate: 88.9%) participated. Formal case log training was reported by 53.0% of residents and 56.3% of PDs. A total of 7.8% of residents rated themselves "excellent" at applying CPT codes for the case log, while 0.0% PDs rated their residents' ability as "excellent." In total, 40.9% of residents and 81.3% of PDs responded that it was "extremely important" or "very important" to code accurately (p = 0.006). Agreement between resident CPT code selection and number of cases and procedures logged for each clinical vignette was conducted using Fleiss' kappa. As the clinical vignettes increased in complexity, there was a decreasing trend in kappa values from the first (least complex) to the last (most complex) clinical vignette. Conclusions: The inconsistent case logging practices, dubious outlook on case log accuracy and resident case logging ability and attitude, and lack of formal training signals a need for formal, standardized case log training. Enhanced case logging instruction and formalized educational training for PDs and residents would be a meaningful step toward capturing true operative experience, which would have a substantial impact on orthopaedic surgery resident education and assessment.