ReviewJournal of the National Cancer Center2021
Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: A molecular insight into the microenvironment, treatment, and resistance.
Review in Journal of the National Cancer Center, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- SingleInternational journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Role of tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes and miR‑155 in breast cancer: Insights into carcinogenesis and their potential as prognostic biomarkers (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Comprehensive analysis of prognostic characteristics based on T cell-mediated tumor killing related genes in triple negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Chemoimmunomodulation in triple negative breast cancer: a key to maximizing anti-PD-1 chemoimmunotherapeutic efficacy.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- Article
- FGF4 drives tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer via IL6/STAT3-mediated macrophage M2 polarization and immune suppression.Cell division · 2025Article
- Neoantigen-Driven Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Emerging Strategies and Clinical Potential.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Treatment Responsive Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2025Review
- Advancing Breast Cancer Treatment: The Role of Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines in Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Role of WAVE3 as an actin binding protein in the pathology of triple negative breast cancer.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the breast-cancer immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A novel prognostic signature identifies MFAP4 as a tumor suppressor linking the tumor microenvironment to PI3K/AKT signaling in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology Applications in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Review
- Article
- ROR2 promotes invasion and chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.Oncology research · 2024Article
- CCL19: a novel prognostic chemokine modulates the tumor immune microenvironment and outcomes of cancers.Aging · 2023Article
- Designing a novel SOX9 based multi-epitope vaccine to combat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer using immunoinformatics approach.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Vaccines in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Breakthroughs.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Comparative efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinicians have very limited options to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to the lack of effective targeted drugs. Recently, the findings of the mechanism underlying tumor-intrinsic immune escape have fueled a wave of studies into immunotherapy in breast cancer (BC). Compared with other BC subtypes, TNBC shows a better response to immunotherapy due to the higher level of tumor mutation burden and lymphocyte infiltration. Thereinto, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieved the first success of immunotherapy for TNBC and are widely utilized with conventional treatments in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant and advanced stages. However, a large number of TNBC patients fail to demonstrate a good response to ICIs, and the acquired resistance to ICI-based therapies is clinically emerging, which is a major challenge for immunotherapy in TNBC. Here we review the latest advances in TNBC immune microenvironment, immunotherapy, and immunotherapeutic resistance and discuss the challenges and potential approaches to improve the clinical benefit of immunotherapy against TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.