Roadmap for providing and leveraging annotated data by cytologists in the PDAC domain as open data: support for AI-based pathology image analysis development and data utilization strategies.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, the lowest of all cancer types. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive pancreatic cancer and has been classified as a health emergency in the past few decades. The histopathological diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PDAC is time-consuming, laborious, and challenging in current clinical practice conditions. Pathological artificial intelligence (AI) research has been actively conducted lately. However, accessing medical data is challenging; the amount of open pathology data is small, and the absence of open-annotation data drawn by medical staff makes it difficult to conduct pathology AI research. Here, we provide easily accessible high-quality annotation data to address the abovementioned obstacles. Data evaluation is performed by supervised learning using a deep convolutional neural network structure to segment 11 annotated PDAC histopathological whole slide images (WSIs) drawn by medical staff directly from an open WSI dataset. We visualized the segmentation results of the histopathological images with a Dice score of 73% on the WSIs, including PDAC areas, thus identifying areas important for PDAC diagnosis and demonstrating high data quality. Additionally, pathologists assisted by AI can significantly increase their work efficiency. The pathological AI guidelines we propose are effective in developing histopathological AI for PDAC and are significant in the clinical field.