ReviewJournal of intensive medicine2024
Adverse events related to physical restraint use in intensive care units: A review of the literature.
Review in Journal of intensive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Bridging the gap in delirium management: a European comparison of geriatric practices.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Physical Restraint in Critically Ill Older Patients: ICU Nurses' Attitudes and Ethical Decision-Making.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- The Ethical Tightrope of Physical and Environmental Restraint in ICU: A Balancing Act.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- Physical restraint use in a United States intensive care unit-a retrospective cross sectional, single center cohort study from 2008 to 2022.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Evolution Over Time of EMS Statewide Treatment Protocols on Prehospital Agitation in the United States.Prehospital emergency care · 2026Article
- Construction and Multidimensional Verification of Clinical Practice Standards for Physical Restraint: A Four-Year Retrospective Quality Improvement Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- A Risk Stratification Model for Unplanned Extubation a Chinese Tertiary Hospital Respiratory Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study Based on Nursing-Related and Ventilation Characteristics.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Monitoring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Restraint Use in Adult and Pediatric Intensive Care Units: The Multicenter Development and Validation of the CON-Ti-IT Questionnaire.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Developing a Core Outcome Set and a Core Outcome Measurement Set for Studies Evaluating Interventions to Minimize Physical Restraint Use in Adult Intensive Care Units: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Survey of perceived sleep quality and nursing implications in 172 adult ICU patients.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Reducing physical assaults on residents through implementation of project BETA: Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of agitation.AEM education and training · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Clinical Practice Standards for Physical Restraint in Hospitalized Patients: A Multi-Method Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the In-Hospital Information Technology System-Based Delirium Management Intervention Program in Medically Hospitalized Patients with Dementia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Physical restraints are widely used and accepted as protective measures during treatment in intensive care unit (ICU). This review of the literature summarizes the adverse events and outcomes associated with physical restraint use, and the risk factors associated with their use during treatment in the ICU. The PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were screened using predefined search terms to identify studies pertaining to adverse events and/or outcomes associated with physical restraint use, and the factors associated with their use in adult patients admitted to the ICU. A total of 24 articles (including 6126 patients) that were published between 2006 and 2022 were identified. The described adverse events associated with physical restraint use included skin injuries, subsequent delirium, neurofunctional impairment, and a higher rate of post-traumatic stress disorder. Subsequent delirium was the most frequent adverse event to be reported. No alternative measures to physical restraints were discussed, and only one study reported a standardized protocol for their use. Although physical restraint use has been reported to be associated with adverse events (including neurofunctional impairment) in the literature, the available evidence is limited. Although causality cannot be confirmed, a definite association appears to exist. Our findings suggest that it is essential to improve awareness regarding their adverse impact and optimize approaches for their detection, management, and prevention using protocols or checklists.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.