ReviewJournal of dental sciences2024
Oral microbial profiles of extrinsic black tooth stain in primary dentition: A literature review.
Review in Journal of dental sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extrinsic black tooth stain and dental caries in the primary dentition of Vietnamese preschool children.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Supragingival Biomarker flora of Children With and Without Cariogenic Disease and Black Stains, Aged 3 to 6 Years.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Microbial Characteristics of the Extrinsic Black Stain in Primary Dentition.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Metabolic profiling of severe early childhood caries and black stain: pathway and biomarker discovery in 3-6-year-olds.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Biochemical Saliva Analysis and Caries Experience In Children With Black Tooth Stain.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- The potential bactericidal effect of oral probiotics on extrinsic black stain-associated bacteria in children: AnJournal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Smartphone-based colorimetric detection of urease activity in dental plaque for point-of-care screening of Helicobacter pylori infection.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Probiotics to reduce microbiota-related dental stains: A potential approach.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in screening oropharyngeal colonization in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective observational study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The extrinsic black tooth stain (EBS) is commonly found in primary dentition. Patients cannot clean the EBS; this can only be done by professional scaling and debridement. It also has a tendency to reform, which significantly compromises children's aesthetics and even affects their quality of life. However, there is no conclusive evidence on the etiology of the EBS. The associations between the EBS and related oral microbial features is one of the research hot topics. No literature review summarized these research progresses in this area. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the microbiology of the EBS since 1931 and reported as the following 5 aspects: molecular biotechnology, morphological structure and physiochemical characteristics, microbial etiology hypothesis and core microbial characteristics. The EBS is a special dental plaque mainly composed of Gram-positive bacilli and cocci with scattered calcium deposits that acquired salivary pellicle activates. Early studies showed that the
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Registered trials
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