ArticleAmerican journal of medicine open2024
Long COVID Definition, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Epidemiology and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.
Article in American journal of medicine open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding how social determinants of health shape Long COVID outcomes: a rapid review of evidence.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Definition, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, and Autoimmunity of Long COVID.American journal of medicine open · 2026Article
- Response to Dr Muhammad Taufan Umasugi and Dr Endah Fitriasari.American journal of medicine open · 2026Article
- A pain from the nose to the head: neurological commitment during long COVID.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Article
- Assessment of Selected Biochemical Parameters of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Repeat Convalescent Plasma Donors in the Context of Long-Term Changes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Nasal cytological evidence of chronic inflammation in the olfactory cleft in post-viral olfactory dysfunction.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- Virus-Induced Pathogenic Antibodies: Lessons from Long COVID and Dengue Hemorrhage Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influence in the development of long-COVID clinical phenotypes.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Establishing a prediction model for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in emergency inpatients in the post epidemic era.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and macrophage activation contibute to thrombosis and post-covid syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Real-Life Study in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Autoimmune Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Analysis of Asthenia as Admission Complaint.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 mutations at the early stage of the pandemic in Istanbul population.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Circulating miRNAs in the Plasma of Post-COVID-19 Patients with Typical Recovery and Those with Long-COVID Symptoms: Regulation of Immune Response-Associated Pathways.Non-coding RNA · 2024Article
- The Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for the Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The virus called SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, causing COVID-19. It has greatly impacted on everyday life, healthcare systems, and the global economy. In order to save as many lives as possible, precautions such as social distancing, quarantine, and testing policies were implemented, and effective vaccines were developed. A growing amount of data collected worldwide allowed the characterization of this new disease, which turned out to be more complex than other common respiratory tract infections. An increasing number of convalescents presented with a variety of nonspecific symptoms emerging after the acute infection. This possible new global health problem was identified and labelled as long COVID. Since then, a great effort has been made by clinicians and the scientific community to understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop preventive measures and effective treatment. The role of autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the development of long COVID is discussed in this review. We aim to deliver a description of several conditions with an autoimmune background observed in COVID-19 convalescents, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome and related thrombosis, and Kawasaki disease highlighting a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of autoimmunity. However, further studies are required to determine its true clinical significance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.