Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39034597›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2024

Low HIV drug resistance prevalence among recently diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in a setting of high PrEP use.

Jonathan M King, Francesca Di Giallonardo, Ansari Shaik, Skye McGregor, Julie Yuek Kee Yeung, Tharshini Sivaruban, Frederick J Lee, Philip Cunningham, Dominic E Dwyer, Steven J Nigro and 2 more

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Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jonathan M King *The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-5929
Francesca Di Giallonardo *The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8749-4095
Ansari ShaikThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Skye McGregorThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Julie Yuek Kee YeungNew South Wales State Reference Laboratory - HIV/AIDS, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Tharshini SivarubanNew South Wales Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
Frederick J LeeNew South Wales Health Pathology-RPA, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.
Philip CunninghamNew South Wales State Reference Laboratory - HIV/AIDS, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Dominic E DwyerNew South Wales Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
Steven J NigroHealth Protection NSW, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia.
Andrew E GrulichThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Anthony D KelleherThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

Genomics Health Futures Mission-Pathogens Genomics Grant Opportunity FSPGN000047Medical Research Future Fund
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNew South Wales (NSW) has one of the world's highest uptake rates of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This uptake has been credited with sharp declines in HIV transmission, particularly among Australian-born gay and bisexual men. Concerns have been raised around the potential for the emergence of tenofovir (TFV) and XTC (lamivudine/emtricitabine) resistance in settings of high PrEP use. Such an emergence could also increase treatment failure and associated clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite low levels of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance relating to PrEP use in clinical settings, there are few published studies describing the prevalence of NRTI resistance among people newly diagnosed with HIV in a setting of high PrEP use.

methodsUsing HIV antiretroviral drug resistance data linked to NSW HIV notifications records of people diagnosed from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021 and with HIV attributed to male-to-male sex, we described trends in TFV and XTC resistance. Resistance was identified using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance genotypic resistance interpretation system. To focus on transmitted drug resistance, resistance prevalence estimates were generated using sequences taken less than 3 months post-HIV diagnosis. These estimates were stratified by timing of sequencing relative to the date of diagnosis, year of sequencing, birthplace, likely place of HIV acquisition, and stage of HIV at diagnosis.

resultsAmong 1119 diagnoses linked to HIV genomes sequenced less than 3 months following diagnosis, overall XTC resistance prevalence was 1.3%. Between 2015 and 2021, XTC resistance fluctuated between 0.5% to 2.9% and was 1.0% in 2021. No TFV resistance was found over the study period in any of the sequences analysed. Higher XTC resistance prevalence was observed among people with newly acquired HIV (evidence of HIV acquisition in the 12 months prior to diagnosis; 2.9%, p = 0.008).

conclusionsIn this Australian setting, TFV and XTC resistance prevalence in new HIV diagnoses remained low. Our findings offer further evidence for the safe scale-up of PrEP in high-income settings, without jeopardizing the treatment of those living with HIV.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MalePre-Exposure ProphylaxisAdolescentAdultEmtricitabineHIV-1HumansLamivudineMaleMiddle AgedNew South WalesPrevalenceTenofovirAnti-HIV AgentsEmtricitabineLamivudineTenofovirARVdrug resistanceHIV preventionmen who have sex with menpre‐exposure prophylaxistreatment

Identifiers

PMID39034597
PMCPMC11260875

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.