Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39033645›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2024

Potential impact of curative and preventive interventions toward hepatitis C elimination in people who inject drugs-A network modeling study.

Lin Zhu, William W Thompson, Liesl Hagan, Liisa M Randall, Abby E Rudolph, April M Young, Jennifer R Havens, Joshua A Salomon, Benjamin P Linas

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Potential Impact of Frequent Testing for Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs Toward Hepatitis C Elimination in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lin ZhuDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: linzhu1@stanford.edu.
William W ThompsonPrevention Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA, USA.
Liesl HaganPrevention Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA, USA.
Liisa M RandallBureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Abby E RudolphDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
April M YoungCenter on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Jennifer R HavensCenter on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Joshua A SalomonDepartment of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Benjamin P LinasSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Examining the Impact of the Twin Epidemics of Methamphetamine and Opioid Use on Overdose, Risky Sex and Treatment Engagement among PWUD in Two Rural Appalachian CohortsR01DA033862 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI Jennifer R Havens · 2012 to 2026
$6.9M
Making Better Decisions: Policy Modeling for AIDS and Drug AbuseR37DA015612 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DOUGLAS K OWENS · 2019 to 2026
$6.3M
Economic Modeling for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, TB and School HealthU38PS004644 · PS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI SALOMON, JOSHUA A · 2014 to 2015
$2.9M
Social networks and HIV risk among rural drug usersR01DA024598 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI HAVENS, JENNIFER R · 2008 to 2012
$2.6M
Prospects for hepatitis C elimination in networks of people who inject drugs through improvements in the care continuumK99DA056297 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ZHU, LIN · 2023 to 2024
$357k
NCHHSTP CDC HHS U38 PS004644NIDA NIH HHS K99 DA056297NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024598NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA033862NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA015612NIH HHS NU38PS004651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInjection-equipment-sharing networks play an important role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for HCV infection and interventions to prevent HCV transmission are critical components of an overall hepatitis C elimination strategy, but how they contribute to the elimination outcomes in different PWID network settings are unclear.

methodsWe developed an agent-based network model of HCV transmission through the sharing of injection equipment among PWID and parameterized and calibrated the model with rural PWID data in the United States. We modeled curative and preventive interventions at annual coverage levels of 12.5 %, 25 %, or 37.5 % (cumulative percentage of eligible individuals engaged), and two allocation approaches: random vs targeting PWID with more injection partners (hereafter 'degree-based'). We compared the impact of these intervention strategies on prevalence and incidence of HCV infections. We conducted sensitivity analysis on key parameters governing the effects of curative and preventive interventions and PWID network characteristics.

resultsCombining curative and preventive interventions at 37.5 % annual coverage with degree-based allocation decreased prevalence and incidence of HCV infection by 67 % and 70 % over two years, respectively. Curative interventions decreased prevalence by six to 12 times more than preventive interventions, while curative and preventive interventions had comparable effectiveness on reducing incidence. Intervention impact increased with coverage almost linearly across all intervention strategies, and degree-based allocation was always more effective than random allocation, especially for preventive interventions. Results were sensitive to parameter values defining intervention effects and network mean degree.

conclusionDAA treatments are effective in reducing both prevalence and incidence of HCV infection in PWID, but preventive interventions play a significant role in reducing incidence when intervention coverage is low. Increasing coverage, including efforts in reaching individuals with the most injection partners, preventing reinfection, and improving compliance and retention in preventive services can substantially improve the outcomes. PWID network characteristics should be considered when designing hepatitis C elimination programs.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsHepatitis CSubstance Abuse, IntravenousHumansIncidenceModels, TheoreticalNeedle SharingPrevalenceUnited StatesAntiviral AgentsDirect-acting antiviral treatmentHarm reductionHepatitis CPeople who inject drugsSimulation modelSocial network

Identifiers

PMID39033645
PMCPMC11347083

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.