ReviewAnnals of intensive care2024
Fluid accumulation syndrome in sepsis and septic shock: pathophysiology, relevance and treatment-a comprehensive review.
Review in Annals of intensive care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality effect of albumin fluid resuscitation in adults with septic shock: a systematic review and dual frequentist-bayesian meta-analysis of randomised trials.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Fluid balance and mortality in adult ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline on fluid therapy in adult critically ill patients: Part 3-fluid removal at de-escalation phase.Intensive care medicine · 2025Guideline
- Restrictive fluid management with early de-escalation versus usual care in critically ill patients (reduce trial): a feasibility randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Personalized fluid resuscitation may reduce mortality in septic shock as compared with fixed-volume approach - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Methodological Considerations Regarding the Comparison of Clevidipine and Nicardipine in Hypertensive Emergencies.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Assessing fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with intra-abdominal hypertension: a two-center, prospective, observational study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- The role of hemoadsorption in septic shock: toward a personalized approach.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Targeted LNP-mediated delivery of VE-cadherin mRNA reduces vascular hyperpermeability in vivo.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for the recovery stage of septic shock: an interventional study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Aquaporin-4 Modulation in Sepsis: Inhibitors and Facilitators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Distinct 72-hour fluid balance trajectories are associated with 28-day mortality in a multicenter cohort of sepsis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- The fluid paradox: dissociation between clinical and ultrasound parameters of fluid overload - results of the INCIVEX exploratory study.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2026Observational
- Restrictive Versus Liberal Fluid Strategy for Initial Resuscitation in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- The ROSE framework for fluid therapy in critically ill pediatric patients.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2026Article
- Comparison of vasopressin-first weaning versus norepinephrine-first weaning in critically ill patients.International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- The role of thoracic ultrasound in fluid management in critical care: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Association of active fluid de-escalation timing with clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock: a multicenter cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Deleterious Effects of Liberal Fluid Therapy During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Lactate-Modified Prognostic Nutritional Index (LPNI) and Its Association with ICU Mortality in Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize current literature on pathophysiology, relevance, diagnosis and treatment of fluid accumulation in patients with sepsis/septic shock. Fluid accumulation syndrome (FAS) is defined as fluid accumulation (any degree, expressed as percentage from baseline body weight) with new onset organ-failure. Over the years, many studies have described the negative impact of FAS on clinically relevant outcomes. While the relationship between FAS and ICU outcomes is well described, uncertainty exists regarding its diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. A stepwise approach is suggested to prevent and treat FAS in patients with septic shock, including minimizing fluid intake (e.g., by limiting intravenous fluid administration and employing de-escalation whenever possible), limiting sodium and chloride administration, and maximizing fluid output (e.g., with diuretics, or renal replacement therapy). Current literature implies the need for a multi-tier, multi-modal approach to de-resuscitation, combining a restrictive fluid management regime with a standardized early active de-resuscitation, maintenance fluid reduction (avoiding fluid creep) and potentially using physical measures such as compression stockings.Trial registration: Not applicable.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.