ReviewEndocrine connections2024
Psychological aspects of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Review in Endocrine connections, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Post Hoc MRI Analysis of Orbital Soft Tissue Volumes Pre- and Post-Teprotumumab in Patients with Chronic, Low-Activity Thyroid Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Stigma and Its Influencing Factors Among Chinese Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This review aims to discuss the psychological aspects of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in GO, examine whether these psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in GO than in Graves' disease (GD) without eye disease, and evaluate the main contributors for depression and anxiety in GO. Methods: A review of the literature. Results: Both depression and anxiety are associated with GO. The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders specifically in GO patients was estimated at 18-33% and 26-41%, respectively. The reported prevalence in GD patients ranged from 9% to 70% for depression and from 18% to 88% for anxiety disorders. Significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety were found in GD patients compared with patients with non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association of antithyroid autoantibodies with depression and anxiety disorders. Serum thyroid hormone levels do not correlate with the severity of depression and anxiety. An improvement of psychiatric symptoms is observed in hyperthyroid patients after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Moreover, depression and anxiety are significantly related to impaired quality of life (QoL) in GO. Exophthalmos and diplopia were not associated with depression nor anxiety, but orbital decompression and strabismus surgery do seem to improve QoL in GO patients. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that altered thyroid hormone levels and autoimmunity are prognostic factors for depression and anxiety in GO. With regard to the visual and disfiguring aspects of GO as contributing factors for depression and anxiety, no decisive conclusions can be made.
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