ArticleCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2024
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Ghana.
Article in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Acceptance of HPV Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers Among Healthcare Practitioners in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.BioMed research international · 2026Pooled it
- Primary HPV Infection in Postmenopausal Women: A Cohort Study to Enable Risk-Stratified Management.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Healthy lifestyle behaviors and gynecological cancer awareness in women academicians: a descriptive and correlational study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus, Risk Factors and Screening for Cervical Cancer Among Women in Ghana.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe major burden of cervical cancer occurs in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, it is the second most common cancer among women. Infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) has been established as the cause of cervical cancer. As such, it is important to identify risk factors that may affect progression from HPV infection to cancer.
aimsWe assessed the risk factors assocaited with cervical cancer in Ghana.
methodsTo identify the risk factors for cervical cancer, we conducted an unmatched case-control study in two hospitals in Ghana where most cervical cancer cases are diagnosed. Women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer were the cases, whereas women without cancer seeking care at the two hospitals were controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the women, after which cervical samples were sent for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing.
resultsOverall, 206 cases and 230 controls were recruited. After adjusting for possible confounders, women with the highest educational level had a significantly lower risk of cervical cancer than those with no or little formal education. Parity was a major risk factor (odd ratio [OR] for five or more children = 7.9; 95% CI: 2.3-27.6), with risk increasing with increasing parity (p for trend <0.001). Women reporting the use of a homemade sanitary towel during menstruation also had an increased risk of cervical cancer compared with women who used a pad (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 2.5-22.0).
conclusionIn this Ghanaian population, high parity and poor personal hygienic conditions were the main contributing factors to the risk of cervical cancer after adjustment for the presence of high-risk HPV genotypes.
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