ReviewAbdominal radiology (New York)2025
MRI features of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.
Review in Abdominal radiology (New York), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: A rare hepatic malignancy exhibiting concurrent imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review of principles, technical nuances, and emerging strategies.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- Imaging differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pitfalls and advances.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- A case of synchronous double primary combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma complicated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma: a rare case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Advanced imaging techniques at the crossroads of cholangiocarcinoma and liver transplantation: Can we bridge the gap?World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- The correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System classification and differentiation grades of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare liver tumor which has a more aggressive behavior and worse survival outcome than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a prognosis similar to that of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). With limited literature on the appearance of this tumor on MRI, it remains a diagnostic challenge. In this review, we looked at the currently described MRI findings in this uncommon entity. Based on studies conducted to date, a mixed pattern at imaging has demonstrated the highest specificity, seen as a combination of areas showing progressive enhancement of the lesion, arterial enhancement with washout, and areas of arterial enhancement without washout and/or hypovascularity. Tumor markers may aid in identification, particularly in cases where the imaging appearance mimics that of isolated HCC or iCCA. Intratumoral heterogeneity leads to difficulties with pathologic diagnosis from sampling due to the possibility of an incorrect diagnosis if the biopsy specimen does not contain adequate tissue comprising both histologic components.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.