ArticleHeliyon2024
Enhancing bioactivity and biocompatibility of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for dental and maxillofacial implants: A novel sequential soaking process.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Zirconia, titanium, and polyetheretherketone implant abutments show equal long-term clinical success-A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Pooled it
- Multifunctional scaffold inspired by hepatocyte exosomes promotes bone regeneration by regulating osteogenic differentiation via PI3K/AKT pathway.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Cytotoxicity and Endocrine Disruption in Materials Used for Removable Orthodontic Retainers: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exhibits excellent biocompatibility, fatigue resistance, and an elastic modulus similar to bone, presenting broad application prospects in the field of dental and maxillofacial implants. However, the bioinertness of PEEK limits its applications. In this study, we developed a method to generate biocompatible and bioactive PEEK through a simple sequential soaking process, aimed at inducing bone differentiation and enhancing antibacterial properties. Initially, a three-dimensional (3D) porous network was introduced on the PEEK surface by soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid and water. Subsequently, the sulfonated PEEK surface was treated with oxygen plasma, followed by immersion in a dopamine solution to coat a polydopamine (PDA) layer. Finally, polydopamine phosphate ester-modified 3D porous PEEK was obtained through the reaction of phosphoryl chloride with surface phenolic hydroxyl groups. Systematic studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, cell proliferation and adhesion, osteogenic gene expression detection, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and bacterial culture. Overall, compared to unmodified PEEK, the modified PEEK significantly enhanced in vitro cell proliferation and adhesion, osteogenic differentiation, and antibacterial properties. The simple surface modification measures combined in this study may represent a promising technology and could facilitate the application of PEEK in dental and maxillofacial implants.
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Registered trials
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