ArticleEnvironmental science and ecotechnology2024
Confounding associations between green space and outdoor artificial light at night: Systematic investigations and implications for urban health.
Article in Environmental science and ecotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental Exposure and Mental Health in Hong Kong: Protocol for a GPS- and Biosensor-Based Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Individual-Level Exposure to Light at Night and Sleep Health: A Comparison between Real-Time Mobility-Based Measurements and Indoor Residence-Based Measurements.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between daytime and nighttime mobility and park visitation: A case study of Austin, TX.Environment and planning. B, urban analytics and city science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excessive urbanization leads to considerable nature deficiency and abundant artificial infrastructure in urban areas, which triggered intensive discussions on people's exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN). Recent academic progress highlights that people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN may be confounders of each other but lacks systematic investigations. This study investigates the associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN by adopting the three most used research paradigms: population-level residence-based, individual-level residence-based, and individual-level mobility-oriented paradigms. We employed the green space and outdoor ALAN data of 291 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong for population-level analysis. We also used data from 940 participants in six representative communities for individual-level analyses. Hong Kong green space and outdoor ALAN were derived from high-resolution remote sensing data. The total exposures were derived using the spatiotemporally weighted approaches. Our results confirm that the negative associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN are universal across different research paradigms, spatially non-stationary, and consistent among different socio-demographic groups. We also observed that mobility-oriented measures may lead to stronger negative associations than residence-based measures by mitigating the contextual errors of residence-based measures. Our results highlight the potential confounding associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN, and we strongly recommend relevant studies to consider both of them in modeling people's health outcomes, especially for those health outcomes impacted by the co-exposure to them.
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