ArticleiScience2024
sMR and PTX3 levels associate with COVID-19 outcome and survival but not with Long COVID.
Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complement System Dysregulation in the Immunopathogenesis of Long COVID: Systematic Evidence Synthesis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The role of complement in long COVID pathogenesis.JCI insight · 2025Review
- Severe COVID-19 induces prolonged elevation of the acute-phase protein pentraxin 3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The long pentraxin 3: the invisible loom weaving the warp and weft of tumor destiny.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 disease course are lacking. Study aim was to identify biomarkers associated with disease severity, survival, long-term outcome, and Long COVID. As excessive macrophages activation is a hallmark of COVID-19 and complement activation is key in this, we selected the following proteins involved in these processes: PTX3, C1q, C1-INH, C1s/C1-INH, and sMR. EDTA-plasma concentrations were measured in 215 patients and 47 controls using ELISA. PTX3, sMR, C1-INH, and C1s/C1-INH levels were associated with disease severity. PTX3 and sMR were also associated with survival and long-term immune recovery. Lastly, sMR levels associate with ICU admittance. sMR (AUC 0.85) and PTX3 (AUC 0.78) are good markers for disease severity, especially when used in combination (AUC 0.88). No association between biomarker levels and Long COVID was observed. sMR has not previously been associated with COVID-19 disease severity, ICU admittance or survival and may serve as marker for disease course.
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Registered trials
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