ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2024
Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes loaded with icariin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by modulating macrophage polarization in rats.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Preclinical pharmacological effects of epimedium-derived interventions in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Review: progression and heterogeneity of multiple sources of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review of Biomedical Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Biomimetic M2 exosome-based dual-drug nanoplatform for combined immunomodulation and bone protection in rheumatoid arthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Targeted Strategies of Adipose Stem Cells for Metabolic Diseases: Mechanisms and Clinical Translation Challenges.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- MSC-EVs in Cartilage Regeneration and Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects for Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Macrophage-induced immunomodulation in oral tissue repair and regeneration: Recent advances and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Anti-Aging Therapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives.Aging cell · 2026Review
- SPP1+ macrophages contribute to silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via the ERK/JNK signaling pathway.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce glycolysis and polarize macrophages toward M2 phenotype in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via the miR-574-5p/GLUT1 axis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Liquiritigenin Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Vaccine Adjuvant Effect and Mechanism ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Targeting the GPX4-FUNDC1 Interaction with Magnesium Lithospermate B Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Diagnostic Biomarkers to Engineered Therapeutics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by synovitis and cartilage destruction. The active compound, icariin (ICA), derived from the herb Epimedium, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical utility is limited by its water insolubility, poor permeability, and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional drug delivery system-adipose-derived stem cells-exosomes (ADSCs-EXO)-ICA to target active macrophages in synovial tissue and modulate macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed a 92.4 ± 0.008% loading efficiency for ADSCs-EXO-ICA. In vitro studies utilizing cellular immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry demonstrated significant inhibition of M1 macrophage proliferation by ADSCs-EXO-ICA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cellular transcriptomics, and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that ADSCs-EXO-ICA promotes an M1-to-M2 phenotypic transition by reducing glycolysis through the inhibition of the ERK/HIF-1α/GLUT1 pathway. In vivo, ADSCs-EXO-ICA effectively accumulated in the joints. Pharmacodynamic assessments revealed that ADSCs-EXO-ICA decreased cytokine levels and mitigated arthritis symptoms in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Histological analysis and micro computed tomography confirmed that ADSCs-EXO-ICA markedly ameliorated synovitis and preserved cartilage. Further in vivo studies indicated that ADSCs-EXO-ICA suppresses arthritis by promoting an M1-to-M2 switch and suppressing glycolysis. Western blotting supported the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs-EXO-ICA in RA, confirming its role in modulating macrophage function through energy metabolism regulation. Thus, this study not only introduces a drug delivery system that significantly enhances the anti-RA efficacy of ADSCs-EXO-ICA but also elucidates its mechanism of action in macrophage function inhibition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.