ArticleMalaria journal2024
Evolution of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in Equatorial Guinea between the pre- and post-RDT introduction.
Article in Malaria journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Local variability inMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Integrating local malaria molecular monitoring into regular malaria indicator surveys on Bioko Island: high association between urban communities and low-density infections.Malaria journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions are threatening Plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) due to false negatives. This study assesses the changes in the frequencies of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions (pfhrp2
methodsA total of 566 P. falciparum samples were genotyped to assess the presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions and their flanking genes. The specimens were collected 18 years apart from two provinces of Equatorial Guinea, North Bioko (Insular Region) and Litoral Province (Continental Region). Orthologs of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes from other closely related species were used to compare sequencing data to assess pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 evolution. Additionally, population structure was studied using seven neutral microsatellites.
resultsThis study found that pfhrp2Del and pfhrp3Del were present before the introduction of RDT; however, they increased in frequency after their use, reaching more than 15%. Haplotype networks suggested that pfhrp2Del and pfhrp3Del emerged multiple times. Exon 2 of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes had high variability, but there were no significant changes in amino acid sequences.
conclusionsBaseline sampling before deploying interventions provides a valuable context to interpret changes in genetic markers linked to their efficacy, such as the dynamic of deletions affecting RDT efficacy.
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