ArticleNPJ science of learning2024
Parental education and children's depression, anxiety, and ADHD traits, a within-family study in MoBa.
Article in NPJ science of learning, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estimating direct and indirect genetic effects on emerging variation in depressive symptoms in early adolescence: a trio polygenic score analysis in the MoBa cohort : Author list.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The mediating role of brain structural-functional connectivity coupling in linking paternal education to BMI and depressive scores in young adults.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Joint Effects of Prenatal Antibiotics, Mode of Birth and Breastfeeding Duration on Childhood Infections: The Norwegian MoBa Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Association of parental education with offspring psychiatric diagnoses, violent crimes, and suicidal behavior: a nationwide Swedish quasi-experimental study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Intra-familial dynamics of mental distress during the Covid-19 lockdown.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The relationship between impulsivity and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: the chain-mediated effects of parenting style and distress tolerance.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Disorders: Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses Using the iPSYCH Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Association between daily dietary intake trajectory and depressive symptom onset and transition among young adults: a longitudinal study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Educational attainment and mental health outcomes: A within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- ADHD, social skills and risky internet use among elementary school children.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Effects of Yoga Training on Cognitive Performance and Anxiety of Children with ADHD.International journal of school health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Children born to parents with fewer years of education are more likely to have depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it is unclear to what extent these associations are causal. We estimated the effect of parents' educational attainment on children's depressive, anxiety, and ADHD traits at age 8 years, in a sample of 40,879 Norwegian children born in 1998-2009 and their parents. We used within-family Mendelian randomization, which employs genetic variants as instrumental variables, and controlled for direct genetic effects by adjusting for children's polygenic indexes. We found little evidence that mothers' or fathers' educational attainment independently affected children's depressive, anxiety, or ADHD traits. However, children's own polygenic scores for educational attainment were independently and negatively associated with these traits. Results suggest that differences in these traits according to parents' education may reflect direct genetic effects more than genetic nurture. Consequences of social disadvantage for children's mental health may however be more visible in samples with more socioeconomic variation, or contexts with larger socioeconomic disparities than present-day Norway. Further research is required in populations with more educational and economic inequality and in other age groups.
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Registered trials
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