ArticleNature communications2024
An intranasal nanoparticle STING agonist protects against respiratory viruses in animal models.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Viral capsid delivery of cGAMP enhances STING-dependent antitumor immune response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular cGAMP in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- STING agonists reduce genital chlamydial infection and attenuate inflammation and pathology.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Roles of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in viral latency.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- STING agonists as antiviral agents.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Drug Repurposing of Verapamil for H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection: A Multi-Target Strategy Revealed by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- STING agonist diABZI confers protection against swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus in neonatal mice by activating antiviral immunity.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Emerging Strategies for Antitumor Immunotherapy and Antiviral Defense Through the cGAS-STING Pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Mucosal vaccination with enzymatically activeFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Recent updates regarding the management and treatment of pneumonia in pediatric patients: a comprehensive review.Infection · 2025Review
- Universal STING Pathway-Activating Complexes Counteract Viral Immune Evasion and Boost Antiviral Responses.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Advances in the structure-based design of protein vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Profile of STING agonist and inhibitor research: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the success of vaccines, vaccination efficacy is weakened by the rapid emergence of viral variants with immunoevasive properties. The development of an off-the-shelf, effective, and safe therapy against respiratory viral infections is thus desirable. Here, we develop NanoSTING, a nanoparticle formulation of the endogenous STING agonist, 2'-3' cGAMP, to function as an immune activator and demonstrate its safety in mice and rats. A single intranasal dose of NanoSTING protects against pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2 (alpha and delta VOC) in hamsters. In transmission experiments, NanoSTING reduces the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC to naïve hamsters. NanoSTING also protects against oseltamivir-sensitive and oseltamivir-resistant strains of influenza in mice. Mechanistically, NanoSTING upregulates locoregional interferon-dependent and interferon-independent pathways in mice, hamsters, as well as non-human primates. Our results thus implicate NanoSTING as a broad-spectrum immune activator for controlling respiratory virus infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.